Automation Technology and Power Distribution, Steel and LQ-45

Automation Technology and Power Distribution

2009-07-28T14:28:00.001+07:00

* Automation Technology
* Circuit Protector
* Control System
* Cylinder
* EDM Consumables and Parts
* EDM Machines
* ELCB
* Electrical Motors
* Frenic
* Fuji Electric
* Hydraulic
* Industrial Automation
* Input Output
* Installing
* Inverter
* Magnetic Contactor
* MCB
* MCCB
* Mitsubishi Electric
* OMRON
* Power Supply
* Processor
* Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC)
* Programming Unit
* Solenoid Valve
* Temperature Controllers

UNP Steel

2009-07-18T13:55:00.004+07:00

UNP Steel made from Hot rolled JIS G3101 SS400.
C-Channel made from Hot rolled JIS G3131 SPHC.
Beam made from JIS G3101 SS400, and has 4 shapes (H-Beam, I-Beam, WF Beam, Rail).
Size & Length:
UNP Steell : 50mm, 80mm, 100mm, 120mm, 125mm, 150mm, 200mm, etc. Length 6-12 meter.
C-Channel: 75mm, 100mm, 125mm, 150mm, 200mm, etc. Length 6-12 meter.
Beam Length 12 meter and has various size (confirm to Us).

UNP Steel Bars

(h) Height from 80 to 400 mm
(b) Width from 45 to 110 mm
(S) Thickness from 6.0 to 14.0 mm
(T) Thickness from 8.0 to 18.0 mm
Length from 6000 to 15000 mm
Material: S235JR and S355J2 (EN 10025)
Tolerance standard: EN10279/DIN1026
Inspection Certificate: EN 10204 3.1.B

Product Description
We are interested in buying hot rolled steel beams:
- HEA 300 S235JR - 44.5 T
- HEA 400 S235JR - 54.3 T
- HEA 500 S235JR - 45 T
- UNP 80 S235JR - 19.7 T.
Please inform us price, delivery terms and payment. Thank you.
Product Keywords : Hot Rolled Steel Beams, Steel Beams, HEA

What is H-Beam

2009-07-18T13:29:00.002+07:00

I-beams (also known as H-beams, W-beams (for "wide flange"), rolled steel joist (RSJ), or double-T (especially in Polish and German)) are beams with an I- or H-shaped cross-section. The horizontal elements are flanges, while the vertical element is the web. The Euler-Bernoulli beam equation shows that this is a very efficient form for carrying both bending and shear in the plane of the web. On the other hand, the cross-section has a reduced capacity in the transverse direction, and is also inefficient in carrying torsion, for which hollow structural sections are often preferred.
There are two standard H-beam forms:

* Rolled I-beam, formed by hot rolling, cold rolling or extrusion (depending on material).
* Plate girder, formed by welding (or occasionally bolting or riveting) plates.

H-beam are commonly made of structural steel but may also be formed from aluminium or other materials. A common type of I-beam is the rolled steel joist (RSJ) - sometimes incorrectly rendered as reinforced steel joist. British and European standards also specify Universal Beams (UBs) and Universal Columns (UCs). These sections have parallel flanges, as opposed to the varying thickness of RSJ flanges. UCs have equal or near-equal width and depth, while UBs are deeper.

H-beams engineered from wood with fiberboard and/or laminated veneer lumber are also becoming increasingly popular in construction, especially residential, as they are both lighter and less prone to warping than solid wooden joists. However there has been some concern as to their rapid loss of strength in a fire if unprotected.

H-beams are widely used in the construction industry and are available in a variety of standard sizes. Tables are available to allow easy selection of a suitable steel I-beam size for a given applied load. I-beams may be used both as beams and as columns.

H-beams may be used both on their own, or acting compositely with another material, typically concrete. Design may be governed by any of the following criteria:

* deflection - the stiffness of the I-beam will be chosen to minimise deformation
* vibration - the stiffness and mass are chosen to prevent unacceptable vibrations, particularly in settings sensitive to vibrations, such as offices and libraries
* bending failure by yielding - where the stress in the cross section exceeds the yield stress
* bending failure by lateral torsional buckling - where a flange in compression tends to buckle sideways or the entire cross-section buckles torsionally
* bending failure by local buckling - where the flange or web is so slender as to buckle locally
* local yield - caused by concentrated loads, such as at the beam's point of support
* shear failure - where the web fails. Slender webs will fail by buckling, rippling in a phenomenon termed tension field action, but shear failure is also resisted by the stiffness of the flanges
* buckling or yielding of components - for example, of stiffeners used to provide stability to the H-beam's web

What is Stainless Steel

2009-07-18T13:10:00.003+07:00

Stainless steel is the universal name for a number of different steels used primarily for their anti-corrosive element. Stainless steel has been developed to resist a number of corrosive environments. It ensures that our workplaces are safe, that buildings last longer and that our food preparation surfaces are hygienic. It is also an earth friendly material; it can be melted down, recycled and made into something else.

Stainless steel is always made using chromium. The minimum amount of chromium used to make Stainless steel is 10.5%; it is chromium that makes the steel stainless. Chromium also improves the corrosion resistance by forming a chromium oxide film on the steel. This very thin layer, when placed under the right conditions, can also be self-repairing.

There are other elements used to make Stainless steel as well, including nickel, nitrogen and molybdenum. Bringing these elements together forms different crystal structures that enable a variety of properties in machining, welding and forming.

There are four major types of Stainless steel. Of these, austenitic is the most widely used type. It has a nickel content of at least 7%, which makes it very flexible. It is used in a range of houseware products, industrial piping and vessels, constructional structures and architectural facades.

Ferritic stainless steel has similar properties to mild steel, but better corrosion resistance. This type of steel is commonly used in washing machines, boilers and indoor architecture. Martensitic stainless steel is a very hard, strong steel. It contains around 13% chromium and is used to make knives and turbine blades.

There is also a duplex stainless steel that is a composite of austenitic and ferritic steels. This steel is both strong and flexible. Duplex steels are most commonly used in the paper, pulp and shipbuilding industries. They are also widely used in the petrochemical industry.

Stainless steel is a very versatile material. It can literally be used for years and remain stainless. Stainless steel products have a significantly longer lifespan than products made of other materials. There are less maintenance costs, and stainless steel also has a very high scrap value on decommissioning.

Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) and The Application

2009-07-09T09:09:00.001+07:00

A Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) is a device that was invented to replace the necessary sequential relay circuits for machine control. The PLC works by looking at its inputs and depending upon their state, turning on/off its outputs. The user enters a program, usually via software, that gives the desired results.

PLC s are used in many "real world" applications. If there is industry present, chances are good that there is a plc present. If you are involved in machining, packaging, material handling, automated assembly or countless other industries you are probably already using them. If you are not, you are wasting money and time. Almost any application that needs some type of electrical control has a need for a PLC .

Automation of many different processes, such as controlling machines or factory assembly lines, is done through the use of small computers called a programmable logic controller (PLC). This is actually a control device that consists of a programma,le microprocessor, and is programmed using a specialized computer language. Before, a programmable logic controller would have been programmed in ladder logic, which is similar to a schematic of relay logic. A modern programmable logic controller is usually programmed in any one of several languages, ranging from ladder logic to Basic or C. Typically, the program is written in a development environment on a personal computer (PC), and then is downloaded onto the programmable logic controller directly through a cable connection. The program is stored in the programmable logic controller in non-volatile memory.

Programmable logic controllers contain a variable number of Input/Output (I/O) ports, and are typically Reduced Instruction Set Computer (RISC) based. They are designed for real-time use, and often must withstand harsh environments on the shop floor. The programmable logic controller circuitry monitors the status of multiple sensor inputs, which control output actuators, which may be things like motor starters, solenoids, lights and displays, or valves.

The programmable logic controller has made a significant contribution to factory automation. Earlier automation systems had to use thousands of individual relays and cam timers, but all of the relays and timers within a factory system can often be replaced with a single programmable logic controller. Today, programmable logic controllers deliver a wide range of functionality, including basic relay control, motion control, process control, and complex networking, as well as being used in Distributed Control Systems.

Digital signals yield an on or off signal, which the programmable logic controller sees as Boolean values. Analog signals may also be used, from devices such as volume controls, and these analog signals are seen by the programmable logic controller as floating point values.

There are several different types of interfaces that are used when people need to interact with the programmable logic controller to configure it or work with it. This may take the form of simple lights or switches or text displays, or for more complex systems, a computer of Web interface on a computer running a Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system.

Programmable logic controllers were first created to serve the automobile industry, and the first programmable logic controller project was developed in 1968 for General Motors to replace hard-wired relay systems with an electronic controller.

For example, let's assume that when a switch turns on we want to turn a solenoid on for 5 seconds and then turn it off regardless of how long the switch is on for. We can do this with a simple external timer. But what if the process included 10 switches and solenoids? We would need 10 external timers. What if the process also needed to count how many times the switches individually turned on? We need a lot of external counters.

As you can see the bigger the process the more of a need we have for a PLC. We can simply program the PLC to count its inputs and turn the solenoids on for the specified time.

This site gives you enough information to be able to write programs far more complicated than the simple one above. We will take a look at what is considered to be the "top 20" plc instructions. It can be safely estimated that with a firm understanding of these instructions one can solve more than 80% of the applications in existence.
That's right, more than 80%! Of course we'll learn more than just these instructions to help you solve almost ALL your potential plc applications.

Advantages of the inverter technology

2009-07-08T07:07:00.001+07:00

What is inverter technology?

The inverter technology is integrated in the outdoor unit. The inverter technology can be compared to the technology in a car: " The harder you push your accelerator, the faster you go."

An inverter unit will gradually increase its capacity based on the capacity needed in the room to cool down or heat up the room. The non-inverter can be compared with switching on or off a lamp. Switching on this type of unit will start to run on full load.

There are many sizes, types, and configurations of rotary inverters. Such inverters are essentially ac generators and dc motors in one housing. The generator field, or armature, and the motor field, or armature, are mounted on a common shaft which will rotate within the housing. One common type of rotary inverter is the permanent magnet inverter.

A rotary converter does provide full rated three phase power to run your equipment at full power but is more expensive to purchase. This allows you to maintain the full rated horsepower the motor being used. Rotary converters are always the best choice over a static converter, simply because of the loss of horsepower using a static and the advantage of having full three phase voltage for other equipment if needed. Purchasing a rotary converter hat uses "voltage sensing" to start the converter is not a good way to go either. These circuits will cause the starting relay to kick back in when you have a power fluctuation or a heavy load is applied to the converter. This will cause the starting circuit to blow the capacitors. New technology with solid state electronic circuits prevent this from happening. Voltage sensing was used years ago before the new solid state electronics was available.

Advantages of the inverter technology:

* You reach much faster the comfort temperature you want
* The start-up time is reduced by 1/3
* You save a lot of energy and also money : 30% less power consumption
* Avoids cycling of the compressor meaning that there are no voltage peaks
* The energy consumption cost is reduced by 1/3 (compared to normal on/off units)
* No temperature fluctuations

Magnetic Contactor Fuji Electric

2009-07-07T07:07:00.002+07:00

A Magnetic contactor is an electro-magnetic switching device (a relay) used for remotely switching a power or control circuit.A Magnetic contactor is activated by a control input which can be a lower or higher voltage / current than that which the contactor is switching. Contactors come in many forms with varying capacities and features. Unlike a circuit breaker a contactor is not intended to interrupt a short circuit current.

Magnetic Contactors range from having a breaking current of several amps and 110 volts to thousands of amps and many kilovolts. The physical size of contactors ranges from a device small enough to pick up with one hand, to large devices approximately a metre (yard) on a side.

Magnetic Contactors are used to control electric motors, lighting, heating, capacitor banks, and other electrical loads.

A Magnetic contactor is basically composed of three different items. The contact item/s are the current carrying part of the contactor. This includes Power Contacts, Auxiliary Contacts, and Contact Springs. The electromagnet item provides the driving force to close the contacts. The enclosure item is a frame housing the contact and the electromagnet. Enclosures are made of insulating materials like Bakelite, Nylon 6, and thermosetting plastics to protect and insulate the contacts and to provide some measure of protection against personnel touching the contacts. Open-frame contactors may have a further enclosure to protect against dust, oil, explosion hazards and weather.

Magnetic Contactors Fuji Electric used for starting electric motors are commonly fitted with overload protection to prevent damage to their loads. When an overload is detected the contactor is tripped, removing power downstream from the contactor.

High voltage contactors (greater than 1000 volts) often have arc suppression systems fitted (such as a vacuum or an inert gas surrounding the contacts).

Magnetic blowouts are sometimes used to increase the amount of current a contactor can successfully break. The magnetic field produced by the blowout coils force the electric arc to lengthen and move away from the contacts. This is especially useful in contactors used in DC power circuits; AC arcs have periods of low current, during which the arc can be extinguished with relative ease, but DC arcs have continuous high current, so blowing them out requires the arc to be stretched further than an AC arc of the same current. The magnetic blowouts in the pictured Albright contactor (which is designed for DC currents) more than double the current it can break, increasing it from 600 amps to 1500 amps.

Sometimes an economizer circuit is also installed to reduce the power required to keep a contactor closed. A somewhat greater amount of power is required to initially close a contactor than is required to keep it closed thereafter. Such a circuit can save a substantial amount of power and allow the energized coil to stay cooler. Economizer circuits are nearly always applied on direct-current contactor coils and on large alternating current contactor coils.

Magnetic Contactors Fuji Electric are often used to provide central control of large lighting installations, such as an office building or retail building. To reduce power consumption in the contactor coils, latching contactors are used, which have two operating coils. One coil, momentarily energized, closes the power circuit contacts, which are then mechanically held closed; the second coil opens the contacts.

A basic contactor will have a coil input (which may be driven by either an AC or DC supply depending on the contactor design). The coil may be energized at the same voltage as the motor, or may be separately controlled with a lower coil voltage better suited to control by programmable controllers and lower-voltage pilot devices. Certain contactors have series coils connected in the motor circuit; these are used, for example, for automatic acceleration control, where the next stage of resistance is not cut out until the motor current has dropped. [2]

Operating Principle Magnetic Contactor

Unlike general-purpose relays, contactors are designed to be directly connected to high-current load devices. Relays tend to be of lower capacity and are usually designed for both Normally Closed and Normally Open applications. Devices switching more than 15 amperes or in circuits rated more than a few kilowatts are usually called contactors. Apart from optional auxiliary low current contacts, contactors are almost exclusively fitted with Normally Open contacts. Unlike relays, contactors are designed with features to control and suppress the arc produced when interrupting heavy motor currents.

When current passes through the electromagnet, a magnetic field is produced which attracts ferrous objects, in this case the moving core of the contactor is attracted to the stationary core. Since there is an air gap initially, the electromagnet coil draws more current initially until the cores meet and reduce the gap, increasing the inductive impedance of the circuit. The moving contact is propelled by the moving core; the force developed by the electromagnet holds the moving and fixed contacts together. When the contactor coil is de-energized, gravity or a spring returns the electromagnet core to its initial position and opens the contacts.

For contactors energized with alternating current, a small part of the core is surrounded with a shading coil, which slightly delays the magnetic flux in the core. The effect is to average out the alternating pull of the magnetic field and so prevent the core from buzzing at twice line frequency.

Most motor control contactors at low voltages (600 volts and less) are "air break" contactors, since ordinary air surrounds the contacts and extinguishes the arc when interrupting the circuit. Modern medium-voltage motor controllers use vacuum contactors.

Motor control contactors can be fitted with short-circuit protection (fuses or circuit breakers), disconnecting means, overload relays and an enclosure to make a combination starter. In large industrial plants many contactors may be assembled in motor control centers.

Ratings

Contactors are rated by designed load current per contact (pole),maximum fault withstand current, duty cycle, voltage, and coil voltage. A general purpose motor control contactor may be suitable for heavy starting duty on large motors; so-called "definite purpose" contactors are carefully adapted to such applications as air-conditioning compressor motor starting. North American and European ratings for contactors follow different philosophies, with North American general purpose machine tool contactors generally emphasizing simplicity of application while definite purpose and European rating philosophy emphasizes design for the intended life cycle of the application.[citation needed]

Current rating of the contactor depends on utilization category. For example IEC Categories are described as:

* AC1 - Non-inductive or slightly inductive rows
* AC2 - Starting of slip-ring motors
* AC3 - Starting of squirrel-cage motors and switching off only after the motor is up to speed. (Make LRA, Break FLA)
* AC4 - Starting of squirrel-cage motors with inching and plugging duty. Rapid Start/Stop. (Make and Break LRA)
* AC11 - Auxiliary (control) circuits

What is Inverter?

2009-07-01T07:07:00.000+07:00

A power inverter converts DC power or direct current to standard AC power or alternating current, which allows you to run electrical equipment off your car or marine battery for mobile applications, emergencies or simple convenience.

Power inverters are small rectangular devices that have a trailing wire with a jack that plugs directly into the cigarette lighter on the dashboard. They might also come with jumper-like cables for connecting directly to a battery. The device normally has one or two outlets for standard electrical cords. Your laptop, small-screen television, video game player or portable DVD theater are all examples of devices that will get you through a long ride, assuming you're not the one driving!

Power inverters are great for camping at parks that do not provide electricity. The toaster, blender, and boom box can all still be used. On your boat you can plug in the digital movie camera to capture those great water-skiing videos you might have missed after the camera's battery ran low!

In a utility outage a power inverter can be used for emergency electricity. Just run an extension cord from your car into the house, or if you have a charged spare battery you can connect the power inverter directly. Plug in a radio to tune into important alerts, run essential medical equipment, lights, or whatever else you need that falls within the inverter's power limits.

Power inverters come in many models that vary in watts. The amount of wattage you will require on yours depends on the total draw of the devices you'd like to use. If you have a two-outlet inverter and will be plugging in 2 devices at once, add up the total wattage of both devices then add at least 50% more to account for peaks or spikes in the power draw. For example if your DVD theater draws 100 watts and your laptop another 100 watts, a minimum 300-watt inverter is recommended.

When using your power inverter continuously inside a vehicle that is not running, the engine should be started at least once an hour for 10-15 minutes to keep the battery from discharging. WARNING: Do not start a vehicle in a closed garage as the carbon monoxide in the exhaust is fatal. Power inverters operate on the assumption that the battery is in good condition and fully charged. A weak battery will be drained easily if demands are too high. This could leave you stranded so be sure to check the battery's condition before using a power inverter in a stationary vehicle.

If the inverter is being used while the vehicle is running as in the case of a road trip, there should be no problem with the extra draw providing the battery is in good condition.

Inverters produce one of three different types of wave output:

* Square Wave
* Modified Square Wave (Modified Sine Wave)
* Pure Sine Wave (True Sine Wave)

The three different wave signals represent three different qualities of power output and consequently, three different price categories. Square wave inverters result in uneven power delivery that is not efficient for running most devices. Square wave inverters were the first types of inverters made and are obsolete.

Modified square wave (modified sine wave) inverters deliver power that is consistent and efficient enough to run most devices fine. This type of inverter is probably the most popular.

Pure sine wave inverters are the most expensive, but they also deliver the most consistent wave output. Some sensitive equipment requires a sine wave, like certain medical equipment and variable speed or rechargeable tools. If you aren't sure if the device you want to use requires a pure sine wave or not, call the manufacturer to ask. Or if you don't mind the price difference any device will run on a pure sine wave, whether it requires it or not. The only drawback would be in spending more than you need to for your power inverter.

Always use a power inverter that is rated high enough for the device(s) you are running and avoid adapters that would allow more outlets than the unit is designed to accommodate.

Working with car batteries can be dangerous and can result in serious injury, and improper use of a power inverter can lead to electrocution, so for your own safety be sure to read and follow any and all safety precautions that are listed in your owner's manual, which will come with your power inverter.